Harnessing the Unlimited Possibility of Stem Cells
Cell and tissue transplantation are potential solutions for many chronic and genetic diseases. But delivering on their promise requires new technologies to manufacture cells, tissues and organs for use as therapeutics.
Dr. Peter Zandstra, Canada Research Chair in Stem Cell Bioengineering, is studying how unspecialized stem cells take on new functions as they multiply. Using the same biochemical processes that turn a single cell into a newborn child, new blood cells or heart tissue can be grown to replace damaged or diseased cells or tissues. Before birth, this process yields the kaleidoscope of highly specialized cell types found in the human body. After birth, diversification subsides.
Coaxing stem cells to transform into specific cell types is not straightforward. Zandstra and his research team are using computer simulations to predict the role of substances that govern stem cell behaviour, and using these predictions to develop therapies that can guide stem cells to develop into specific cell and tissue types. They are focusing on blood and pluripotent stem cells—that is, cells that can produce all blood cell types and all cell types found in the body, respectively. These cells can be grown in the lab to generate suitable replacement tissues to target diverse conditions.
Using bioengineering strategies, Zandstra is exploring the process of cell development. Ultimately, his efforts to reproduce cell, tissue and organ development in a dish will enable the production of a wide range of different tissues from stem cells. This will help Canada play a leading role in developing effective treatments for many degenerative diseases.